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NEW QUESTION # 112
A data engineer needs to create an Amazon Athena table based on a subset of data from an existing Athena table named cities_world. The cities_world table contains cities that are located around the world. The data engineer must create a new table named cities_us to contain only the cities from cities_world that are located in the US.
Which SQL statement should the data engineer use to meet this requirement?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To create a new table named cities_usa in Amazon Athena based on a subset of data from the existing cities_world table, you should use an INSERT INTO statement combined with a SELECT statement to filter only the records where the country is 'usa'. The correct SQL syntax would be:
Option A: INSERT INTO cities_usa (city, state) SELECT city, state FROM cities_world WHERE country='usa'; This statement inserts only the cities and states where the country column has a value of 'usa' from the cities_world table into the cities_usa table. This is a correct approach to create a new table with data filtered from an existing table in Athena.
Options B, C, and D are incorrect due to syntax errors or incorrect SQL usage (e.g., the MOVE command or the use of UPDATE in a non-relevant context).
Reference:
Amazon Athena SQL Reference
Creating Tables in Athena
NEW QUESTION # 113
A company has a production AWS account that runs company workloads. The company's security team created a security AWS account to store and analyze security logs from the production AWS account. The security logs in the production AWS account are stored in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
The company needs to use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs to the security AWS account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that enables you to collect, process, and analyze real-time streaming data. You can use Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data from various sources, such as Amazon CloudWatch Logs, and deliver it to different destinations, such as Amazon S3 or Amazon Redshift. To use Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs from the production AWS account to the security AWS account, you need to create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. This data stream will receive the log data from the CloudWatch Logs service in the production AWS account. To enable this cross- account data delivery, you need to create an IAM role and a trust policy in the security AWS account. The IAM role defines the permissions that the CloudWatch Logs service needs to put data into the destination data stream. The trust policy allows the production AWS account to assume the IAM role. Finally, you need to create a subscription filter in the production AWS account. A subscription filter defines the pattern to match log events and the destination to send the matching events. In this case, the destination is the destination data stream in the security AWS account. This solution meets the requirements of using Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs to the security AWS account. The other options are either not possible or not optimal.
You cannot create a destination data stream in the production AWS account, as this would not deliver the data to the security AWS account. You cannot create a subscription filter in the security AWS account, as this would not capture the log events from the production AWS account. References:
* Using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with Amazon CloudWatch Logs
* AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation, Section 3.3: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
NEW QUESTION # 114
A company is planning to use a provisioned Amazon EMR cluster that runs Apache Spark jobs to perform big data analysis. The company requires high reliability. A big data team must follow best practices for running cost-optimized and long-running workloads on Amazon EMR. The team must find a solution that will maintain the company's current level of performance.
Which combination of resources will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
The best combination of resources to meet the requirements of high reliability, cost-optimization, and performance for running Apache Spark jobs on Amazon EMR is to use Amazon S3 as a persistent data store and Graviton instances for core nodes and task nodes.
Amazon S3 is a highly durable, scalable, and secure object storage service that can store any amount of data for a variety of use cases, including big data analytics1. Amazon S3 is a better choice than HDFS as a persistent data store for Amazon EMR, as it decouples the storage from the compute layer, allowing for more flexibility and cost-efficiency. Amazon S3 also supports data encryption, versioning, lifecycle management, and cross-region replication1. Amazon EMR integrates seamlessly with Amazon S3, using EMR File System (EMRFS) to access data stored in Amazon S3 buckets2. EMRFS also supports consistent view, which enables Amazon EMR to provide read-after-write consistency for Amazon S3 objects that are accessed through EMRFS2.
Graviton instances are powered by Arm-based AWS Graviton2 processors that deliver up to 40% better price performance over comparable current generation x86-based instances3. Graviton instances are ideal for running workloads that are CPU-bound, memory-bound, or network-bound, such as big data analytics, web servers, and open-source databases3. Graviton instances are compatible with Amazon EMR, and can be used for both core nodes and task nodes. Core nodes are responsible for running the data processing frameworks, such as Apache Spark, and storing data in HDFS or the local file system. Task nodes are optional nodes that can be added to a cluster to increase the processing power and throughput. By using Graviton instances for both core nodes and task nodes, you can achieve higher performance and lower cost than using x86-based instances.
Using Spot Instances for all primary nodes is not a good option, as it can compromise the reliability and availability of the cluster. Spot Instances are spare EC2 instances that are available at up to 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices, but they can be interrupted by EC2 with a two-minute notice when EC2 needs the capacity back. Primary nodes are the nodes that run the cluster software, such as Hadoop, Spark, Hive, and Hue, and are essential for the cluster operation. If a primary node is interrupted by EC2, the cluster will fail or become unstable. Therefore, it is recommended to use On-Demand Instances or Reserved Instances for primary nodes, and use Spot Instances only for task nodes that can tolerate interruptions.
References:
* Amazon S3 - Cloud Object Storage
* EMR File System (EMRFS)
* AWS Graviton2 Processor-Powered Amazon EC2 Instances
* [Plan and Configure EC2 Instances]
* [Amazon EC2 Spot Instances]
* [Best Practices for Amazon EMR]
NEW QUESTION # 115
A company maintains multiple extract, transform, and load (ETL) workflows that ingest data from the company's operational databases into an Amazon S3 based data lake. The ETL workflows use AWS Glue and Amazon EMR to process data.
The company wants to improve the existing architecture to provide automated orchestration and to require minimal manual effort.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: B
Explanation:
AWS Glue workflows are a feature of AWS Glue that enable you to create and visualize complex ETL pipelines using AWS Glue components, such as crawlers, jobs, triggers, anddevelopment endpoints. AWS Glue workflows provide automated orchestration and require minimal manual effort, as they handle dependency resolution, error handling, state management, and resource allocation for your ETL workflows.
You can use AWS Glue workflows to ingest data from your operational databases into your Amazon S3 based data lake, and then use AWS Glue and Amazon EMR to process the data in the data lake. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead, as it leverages the serverless and fully managed nature of AWS Glue, and the scalability and flexibility of Amazon EMR12.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
B: AWS Step Functions tasks. AWS Step Functions is a service that lets you coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows. You can use AWS Step Functions tasks to invoke AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use AWS Step Functions state machines to define the logic and flow of your workflows. However, this option would require more manual effort than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to write JSON code to define your state machines, handle errors and retries, and monitor the execution history and status of your workflows3.
C: AWS Lambda functions. AWS Lambda is a service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. You can use AWS Lambda functions to trigger AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use AWS Lambda event sources and destinations to orchestrate the flow of your workflows. However, this option would also require more manual effort than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to write code to implement your business logic, handle errors and retries, and monitor the invocation and execution of your Lambda functions. Moreover, AWS Lambda functions have limitations on the execution time, memory, and concurrency, which may affect the performance and scalability of your ETL workflows.
D: Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA) workflows. Amazon MWAA is a managed service that makes it easy to run open source Apache Airflow on AWS. Apache Airflow is a popular tool for creating and managing complex ETL pipelines using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).
You can use Amazon MWAA workflows to orchestrate AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use the Airflow web interface to visualize and monitor your workflows.
However, this option would have more operational overhead than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to set up and configure your Amazon MWAA environment, write Python code to define your DAGs, and manage the dependencies and versions of your Airflow plugins and operators.
References:
1: AWS Glue Workflows
2: AWS Glue and Amazon EMR
3: AWS Step Functions
4: AWS Lambda
5: Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow
NEW QUESTION # 116
A data engineer needs to build an extract, transform, and load (ETL) job. The ETL job will process daily incoming .csv files that users upload to an Amazon S3 bucket. The size of each S3 object is less than 100 MB.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer: C
Explanation:
AWS Glue is a fully managed serverless ETL service that can handle various data sources and formats, including .csv files in Amazon S3. AWS Glue provides two types of jobs: PySpark and Python shell. PySpark jobs use Apache Spark to process large-scale data in parallel, while Python shell jobs use Python scripts to process small-scale data in a single execution environment. For this requirement, a Python shell job is more suitable and cost-effective, as the size of each S3 object is less than 100 MB, which does not require distributed processing. A Python shell job can use pandas, a popular Python library for data analysis, to transform the .csv data as needed. The other solutions are not optimal or relevant for this requirement. Writing a custom Python application and hosting it on an Amazon EKS cluster would require more effort and resources to set up and manage the Kubernetes environment, as well as to handle the data ingestion and transformation logic. Writing a PySpark ETL script and hosting it on an Amazon EMR cluster would also incur more costs and complexity to provision and configure the EMR cluster, as well as to use Apache Spark for processing small data files. Writing an AWS Glue PySpark job would also be less efficient and economical than a Python shell job, as it would involve unnecessary overhead and charges for using Apache Spark for small data files. Reference:
AWS Glue
Working with Python Shell Jobs
pandas
[AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide]
NEW QUESTION # 117
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